高中英语引起倒装的使用条件

谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语这前。

引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种：

在强调表语时

例1：Worst of all were the humiliations.

例2：Such is the case.

在强调宾语时

例1：Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction.

例2：Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid.

注：当前置宾语由“not a 名词”或者“not a single 名词”构成时，也会引起倒装。例如：

Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she spend without having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel.

在强调状语时

(1)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go，come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如：

1)Up went the plane.

2)In came the chairman and the meeting began.

注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如：

1)Out they rushed!

2)Lower and lower he bent.

(2)当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如：

1)Round the corner walked a large policeman.

2)Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.

(3)当句首状语由“only 副词”，“only 介词词组”，“only 状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如：

1)Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.

2)Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.

(4)当句首状语为here，there，now，then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如：

1)Here is a ticket for you.

2)Now comes your turn.

3)Here he comes.

(5)以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：

1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.

3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can't sleep at night.

注：在该结构中，“so 形容词”是表语的前置：“so 副词”是状语的前置。

在直接引语之后

在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary，answered John，said the old lady，grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如：

1)“What do you mean?” asked Henry.

2)“What do you mean?” he asked.

often，many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时

例如：Often did they think of going there，but they never had a chance.

在as，though引导的让步状语从句中

在as，though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如：

Small as the atom is，we can smash it.